Nicosia (Lefkoşa)

Nicosia, known as Lefkoşa in Turkish, is the capital of North Cyprus and the only divided capital city in the world, split between the Turkish Cypriot north and the Greek Cypriot south. Located at the heart of Cyprus, Nicosia is a city of historical intrigue, cultural diversity, and modern life. The city’s division is marked by the “Green Line,” a UN-patrolled buffer zone that physically separates the northern and southern sections. Despite this division, Nicosia retains a distinct character and is filled with fascinating historical sites, modern shopping areas, and cultural institutions.

Nicosia is ideal for travelers interested in both history and urban exploration, offering a unique blend of Ottoman, Venetian, and British influences. It’s a city that offers insight into the complex history of Cyprus and provides a range of attractions for curious visitors.

City Overview

History and Significance
As one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Nicosia has a rich historical legacy that dates back to ancient times. It has served as an important political, economic, and cultural center for various empires, including the Byzantines, Lusignans, Venetians, Ottomans, and the British. The city’s division in 1974 has turned it into a symbol of Cyprus’s political situation. Today, Nicosia is a blend of tradition and modernity, with areas that have remained largely untouched and modern neighborhoods thriving with cafes, art galleries, and shops.

Climate and Best Visiting Seasons
Nicosia experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Summer temperatures can reach 35°C, making spring and autumn more favorable for exploring the city comfortably.

Getting Around Nicosia
The central area is relatively compact and can be explored on foot. For traveling between the north and south sections, visitors must go through checkpoints, with Ledra Street being the most popular crossing point for tourists. Taxis and buses are available for areas outside the central city.

Why Nicosia is a Must-Visit Destination in Cyprus

Nicosia stands out as a unique destination because of its divided status and historical significance. The blend of cultures, visible in the architecture, food, and daily life, offers a distinctive travel experience. Visitors to Nicosia get a deeper understanding of the island’s complex history and cultural diversity. The city’s major attractions, such as the Selimiye Mosque, Büyük Han, and the Venetian Walls, allow travelers to experience layers of history from ancient to modern times.

Nicosia offers an intriguing mix of historical sites, cultural experiences, and urban exploration, making it a destination that caters to a wide range of interests. Whether you’re interested in walking along the ancient city walls, crossing borders on foot, or enjoying traditional Cypriot coffee in a restored Ottoman inn, Nicosia has something to offer every visitor.

Explore the City

The City Maps

LUANCH MAPS VIEW

Trip Ideas

MUSEUMS

City Spotlight: Nicosia’s Key Attractions

Here’s a detailed look at Nicosia’s most notable attractions, ideal for understanding the city’s unique historical and cultural fabric.

1. Selimiye Mosque (St. Sophia Cathedral)

Overview: Originally built as St. Sophia Cathedral during the Lusignan period, this structure was later converted into a mosque by the Ottomans. The building’s Gothic architecture, with large arches and intricate details, makes it a striking example of religious transformation in Nicosia.
What to Do:
- Admire the Architecture: The high vaulted ceilings and Gothic arches make this mosque one of the most impressive historical buildings in Nicosia.
- Explore the Courtyard: The mosque has a peaceful courtyard that offers a quiet place to relax and appreciate the surrounding architecture.
Why Visit: Selimiye Mosque is an essential part of Nicosia’s heritage, showcasing a blend of Cypriot Gothic and Islamic architectural influences.

2. Büyük Han (The Great Inn)

Overview: Büyük Han is a beautifully restored Ottoman caravanserai (inn) that now serves as a cultural and arts center. Built in 1572, it was initially used as accommodation for travelers and merchants. Today, Büyük Han is filled with artisan shops, cafes, and galleries.
What to Do:
- Shop for Local Crafts: The inn’s shops offer handmade souvenirs, including pottery, textiles, and jewelry.
- Enjoy a Turkish Coffee: Many cafes in Büyük Han serve traditional Turkish coffee, offering a taste of Cypriot coffee culture.
- Art Exhibitions: Some galleries inside the Han feature exhibitions by local artists, providing insight into the contemporary Cypriot art scene.
Why Visit: Büyük Han is a fantastic spot for immersing yourself in local culture, shopping, and trying authentic Cypriot refreshments.

3. Ledra Street and Border Crossing

Overview: Ledra Street is a lively pedestrian street that runs through the heart of Nicosia’s shopping and dining district. It also serves as one of the main pedestrian crossings between North and South Nicosia.
What to Do:
- Shopping and Dining: Ledra Street has a mix of modern boutiques, souvenir shops, and cafes offering Cypriot and international cuisine.
- Cross the Border: Tourists can use Ledra Street as a crossing point to explore both sides of the city, allowing them to experience the diversity of cultures within Nicosia.
Why Visit: Ledra Street is one of the few places where you can easily cross between two countries, making it a unique part of the Nicosia experience.

4. Cyprus Museum (North Nicosia)

Overview: This museum is the oldest and largest archaeological museum in Cyprus. It houses artifacts that span thousands of years, including Neolithic, Greek, and Roman relics, providing a comprehensive look at Cyprus’s ancient history.
What to Do:
- Explore Ancient Artifacts: The museum’s collection includes pottery, sculptures, jewelry, and artifacts that offer insight into Cyprus’s rich history.
- Learn about Ancient Civilizations: The exhibits provide context about the various civilizations that have influenced Cyprus over millennia.
Why Visit: The Cyprus Museum is a must-visit for anyone interested in ancient history and archaeology, offering a detailed look into the island’s past.

5. Venetian Walls

Overview: The Venetian Walls encircle the old city of Nicosia and are one of the most iconic landmarks in the city. Built in the 16th century, these walls were intended to protect the city from Ottoman invaders and are still largely intact today.
What to Do:
- Walk Along the Walls: Visitors can stroll along sections of the walls, with various bastions offering views over the city.
- Explore Famagusta Gate: One of the best-preserved gates of the walls, Famagusta Gate has been converted into a cultural center, often hosting art and cultural events.
Why Visit: The Venetian Walls are a prominent historical site, providing insight into the defensive architecture and history of Nicosia.

6. Arabahmet Quarter

Overview: Arabahmet is one of the most atmospheric neighborhoods in North Nicosia, known for its preserved Ottoman-era houses and narrow streets. This district offers a glimpse into the city’s past with its traditional architecture and quiet streets.
What to Do:
- Explore Historic Houses: Walk through the quarter to see traditional Ottoman-style houses with wooden balconies and ornate detailing.
- Visit Arabahmet Mosque: The mosque is a key feature of the area and reflects the religious diversity of Nicosia’s history.
Why Visit: Arabahmet Quarter provides a tranquil escape from the busy city and is ideal for photography and experiencing the local heritage.

Nicosia (Lefkoşa)